TRAVELLERS OF THE ETERNAL. UNFULFILLED DREAMS

Seda Galstyan
History Museum of Armenia, Head of “New and Newest History” Department, sedagalstyan@yahoo.com

They made a pact with eternity…

The region of Artsakh always had its own place and role in the national liberation struggle of the Armenian people. By centuries, Artsakh and Syunik have been the main centers of liberation movements in Eastern Armenia. “For about 70 years, the Communist Party tried to convince more than a hundred nationalities living in the USSR that the national question was successfully and finally resolved in the country” (Minasyan 2013, 59-60). After 1985 the development of liberation movements that started in the Soviet Union was a direct consequence of Gorbachev’s so-called “reconstruction”. Artsakh Armenians, who had not come to the terms concerning historical annexation of their territories to Azerbaijan and the Azerbaijani authoritie’s anti-Armenian policy, were the first that began to defend their national dignity, “violated rights” (Balayan 2011, 263). Their struggle was aimed to reunite with his motherland – Armenia, through the constitutional process.  In 1988-1994, an armed conflict arose as a result of the aggression of the Republic of Azerbaijan against the Republic of Artsakh, which after – beginning from 1991 turned into Armenian-Azerbaijani full-scale war, as a result of which the Azerbaijani authorities were forced to request a cease-fire in May 1994 with the mediation of Russia and the help of the Minsk Group. In May1994 in “negotiations ended with the establishment of a cease-fire from May 14” which was signed in Moscow (Balayan 2011, 275). This was the first Artsakh war. “The bottomless ship of an Artsakh citizen, crossing the turbulent ocean, struggling against evil and violence, has reached the wavy harbor of the 21st century” (Balayan 2009, 18). Almost four years after the April 2016 four-day war, the enemy again resorted to the force of arms, preferring that way to solve the Artsakh issue in his favor[1]. On the morning of September 27 2020, the Azerbaijani army attacked along the entire length of the contact line after preparing rocket-artillery and drones.

True to its nature, the enemy targeted peaceful settlements and civil polulation, not distinguishing between a soldier and a young child, a clergyman and an old woman, a grown man and a helpless old man; his target was aimed to everyone. “The Republic of Armenia, the Armenian people must firmly and unequivocally stand in the position of protecting the rights of the people of Artsakh and the rights of the Armenian people in general.” [2] “This war is often characterized by both the civilian population and the military as an inhuman chaos, and sometimes it as well compared with the hell” (Tadevosyan 2022, 28).

Our aim is to present the travelers of the eternal during the 44-day war, their stories with their heroism, descriptions of relatives, perceptions of life and death, their reactions, the dreams that they had in their life, notes and realization of their ideas after the war. During our research, we paid special attention to the positions and opinions of the direct participants of the war and their relatives. Thoughts, words, unfinished dreams of fallen heroic soldiers, characteristics of their relatives, combat diaries, oral histories were used as material, all these were generalized, as well as some thematic analyzes were performed. This research is an attempt to record the last information about the victim from the direct family member of the victim, from the surviving eyewitness friends, to tell about the last episodes or phenomena, which also contributes to do important conclusions about the course of the war and some episodes. The cases of about 220 fallen soldiers were presented. Some thematic and substantive groupings were made, presenting one person, similar actions were performed in the name of that person. As a research material for the article was served the collection work done by us at the Museum of History of Armenia, based on both oral and written stories.  In-depth interviews, as well as recordings were used in the work.

We have recorded the attitudes of the soldiers with the following considerations: a/ almost all of them had the moment of the last phone call, as if they forecast own death, they heard the voice of a relative, especially their mother, for the last time. On the day Tatul[3]  and many others like him were killed, he called his mother – Gayane, and said: “I’m tired, I’ll sleep for a while, then I’ll call you.” The source of inspiration for his heroism was the National Hero Monte, and he named his son after him. “Please, take good care of Monte, if I die, let the volunteer’s song be played during the ceremony” (Education No. 48-49, 2020, 2).

Mother and homeland. During the materials research, we note that for many people, the image of the mother (with whom they shared, trusted a secret, kept a dream) was associated with the homeland, preserving it, they preserve their home, mother, family, land, the message of their grandfathers. “Dear Mum, you can be proud and sleep peacefully, as today your son is on duty for the whole of Armenia,” said Gevorg[4] standing at the post. And Gevorg Gevorgyan, who lived in Germany since the age of 14 and saw the tricolor flying from the window of his room, dreamed of his homeland. Just hearing the news about the war, he arrived Armenia. To his mother’s question, for who’s care is leaving her and going, Gevorg answered: “Mum dear, I am leaving you to my homeland, and I am going to protect my it.” His mother always proudly said: “You are the queen of my mother Armenia.” From the first days of the war, he was in Jrakan (Jabrayil). He have conducted a lot of tasks[5]. Aram[6] talked  to his mother: “Mum, the homeland is so, that you must to fight for it until your last breath, so that our grandfathers sleep peacefully. Mum, I will do so, that you never feel shame. Be proud, because I are everything for me, wait me until my military service be finished and I will return to you”….

The combat diaries of some soldiers also helped to study the topic – like Garik[7], Tigran[8] and others; «today very few of them are published, we don’t except, that in real life they much more and some of them are covered with different degrees of privacy, and part of them are simply not made the property of everyone at the will of the authors….” (Grigoryan, Baghdasaryan 2018, 21)

Dedication and belief in victory, unfulfilled dreams… These guys had an unending belief in victory, unwavering dedication. They were immortalized by awareness. They never shared their concerns with the members of their families. Hiding from the drone’s attacks, when they spoke – after not answering the calls of the housemates, they said, that they were sleeping, just woke up, or joked – “we were playing a fight”.

The artilleryman Edgar Baghumyan was hiding the sound of shots under his laugh. The homeland feels their presence each moment. “Artsakh hero” Margaryan Alen[9], about whom was telling his mother –Ms. Nazeli, loved to repeat – “One must to love the world, not to be agree with it ”, he began to write, to create since the age of 4 years, he adored the book. He loved to read tales, he also lived there, in dreams of future. “There are no criminal children, everything comes from a distorted childhood” – he thought.  His talent was pedagogy, he desired to conquer the world with science, and his dream remained unfulfilled… He was just the man, who was able to create new, noble man, to educate and grow up.  During the war he said to his friend “I feel the breath of death” (Asryan, 2021, 5) .

Vazgen’s[10] dream was science, he wanted to become a scientist – unfulfilled dream. A foundation is opened today after his name, and its’ all proceeds will serve the development of science. “He had a slogan – “One, who falls 9 times and rises 10 times is a hero and brave.” “He got very high, we stayed at the bottom,” – says the teacher. And his mother was repeating and crying – “For a moment I trusted him for the homeland, but homeland lost him, if he is listening me, I will ask him one thing – to forgive me”.

Rouben[11] was one of the relatives of the world famous astrophysicist Viktor Hambardzumyan, and he chose the same area. He dreamed to become a famous programmer and inventing innovations in the human-technology field. Being close to Victor Hambardzumyan’s name, he was very proud of having such relations. He was admitted to university, but preferred to serve in army, to fulfill his duty to the homeland, and then to continue his education, but his dream remained unfulfilled. Hovhannes՝[12], who “smelled with force”, took part in hot battles near Jrakan, we was very serious, and minded smartly and liked to repeat – “It is not necessary to learn from the mistakes of yourselves, you can learn from the mistakes of others”. He cheered on his friends with a combat spirit until the end and fell a hero’s death. His teacher said: “Sometimes I think, what is better – to be a ‘hero’ or just be close to us?”…

Man- technology: As the participants confess, this war was special by its’ ma-technology confrontation.  As some participants confess, this war was special by its’ confrontation, where man happened in a situation of extreme impotence.  Vahe[13], who besides fighting did also medical assistance affairs and helped his friends, repeated: “No one in the world could shoot such movie”. These are immediate participants, who felt the war just on their own skin. Armen[14], Yuri[15] and other guys like them “looked inside the death eyes”,  sacrificed their dreams, goals, lived and unlived springs, so that a whole nation could continue to live. Vasilyan Rafayel[16]  saved his soldiers life, shooting enemy air targets within few hours of the ceasefire. Due to his good knowledge of cartography, as well as quick orientation, he managed to get out his soldiers of the siege in Hadrut. After he conducted his combat task in Martuni-2, the general’s call was heard – “Eagle 40, return back, your mission is done, the enemy’s target is destroyed”.  “He didn’t leave anything unfinished, so he didn’t leave the war unfinished too”, but the hero didn’t feel the attack of the projectile fired in his direction, not suspecting that not only he was hunting, but also he can become a target of hunting, and in result – he became the traveler of eternal… He liked to repeat “Будем жить” (we must live). Sure, we must continue to live for their bright memory, for our hero brothers. O my God, if there is some else stronger in the world, that you. Samvel[17] was a leader in battlefield,  7 times was announced as a best captain in all positions. His dream ranged from business to country governing, and it leaved unfinished. He struggled in most dangerous zones, helped comrades in arm to shelter, and was killed form the attack of “SU” fighter jet.

Samvel, who wasn’t learning the lessons of history, became a creator of history, a textbook hero. Our future generations, everybody, for whom he spared his life, will still tell about him. Samvel built a chapel on the combat position. The new generation will liberate the land, where the chapel left by Samvel was built. David[18]՝ changed his violin with weapon, and they used to say for him – “Our David is the Armenian sort of the Little Prince and he each day put his own planet in order”. But he was powerless against the technique.

Norik[19], a young man, who smiled when he was sad. His first practice was in HMA. During the war days, he was sent from Meghry to Jrakan. He was ready to defend his native land, but, alas, he did it by the price of his life. Since his school years, Norik has mastered the rules of handling weapons, the secrets of martial arts. Our NORO – so kind, smiling, honest, faithful, intelligent, friendly,… Among his catchy words were: “Ordinary sun does not warm the soul; things don’t just happen in this life; some body miss every second” and so on.

The soldiers’ response to the war: There were many volunteers who were released from service for various reasons, but just they heard the news of the war, they presented themselves at military commissariats. One of them – Arman Ohanjanyan[20], who was rejected in commissariat for military serving and answered – “I didn’t come here for asking, if you are going to send me, or not, I came here to say, that I’m going to battlefield”. He was in Jrakan in October 1. He called his mother in the afternoon: “Don’t worry, we captured some positions, we have lost our phones, don’t call me”. He sent a letter at 13:44: – “Mom, no matter what happens to me, remember, you will walk with your head held high. The enemy scattered the positions, they are coming at us, I love you, forgive me….”  He hung the wooden cross blessed in the war from his newborn son’s neck. (It was the message that the son had to carry out the unfinished work of the father). He desired to become a military doctor and his dream remained unfulfilled…

The tenor Gevorg Hachyan[21],  who had win stages in 27 countries, just heard news about the war, couldn’t find his place, he had problems with his legs, although he we went to the battle place as a volunteer, promising his wife to return in a few days. He went to cheer up the Armenian soldiers with his patriotic songs, to be close to them in hard moments, to ensure the atmosphere of victory. The Homeland was in his songs, in his heart, however… now he is in the heart of his native land, forever surrounded by each other.

All of them, “Travelers of the eternal”, not only inspired their parents and relatives to keep their heads high due their behavior and actions, but also told all of us to be inspired by their exploits, to KEEP SPIRIT (not to be broken), and to continue their unfinished work.

Manifestations of heroism. After the war, there is a lot of talk about heroism, almost all the participants are called heroes, but there are variations of this concept. Society always finds heroes, even if they resist. Relatives, their commanders often tell stories that are characteristic of a true hero, a person who feels his responsibility for the state and the future. They spared nothing, not even the most precious thing, their life. They defeated death and immortalized themselves in the pages of history, being awarded with various medals and awards for their services to the homeland. “Our bright brothers, you have not lost, you have won, and the winners do not die, they are immortal and they find their home on the road leading from earth to heaven” (Marutyan 2022, 72). As the hero’s comrades in arms and witnesses tell, brave soldier Gegham[22] 23and his friends caused great losses to the enemy with the armored vehicles (IFV-1)[23]. On the night of October 7-8, they notice their friends falling into the siege, they immediately save the lives of 19 servicemen with their sharp shots, instead losing their own lives. October 8 ended without Gegham… 25 years ago, during the first Artsakh war, in the same place, at the same age, his namesake uncle, Gegham Avetisyan, was immortalized with the same feat. The Armenian history was created by new GEGHAMS …. as if history repeats itself, fate gave both of them only 20 springs. Each culture has its heroic history. Many soldiers talk against their heroism, even those, who have gone through difficult trials think that it must be like that. According to them, it can be considered heroism, when they saved the lives of their friends, because they imagine it as a biggest loss, as well as the position, the ground, even if it was an inch returned back.

Pathfinder Noah[24] was an 8-months servant. They were surrounded at the first time, they did an impression of retreat, gathered and returned with great difficulty. When he noticed that a car with ammunition was turned over and was smoking, where a soldier was left, he jumped into the car, saved the soldier who died in his arms. When they called him a hero, he was angry, saying, “An 18-year-old child died in my arms, what kind of hero am I?”  He was killed during the next task. His father was a policeman, before going to school, Noah asked his father to make for him a service notebook, and then asked mother to fill it. Then he filled it himself when he went to school, which became a reality in future. His family found the notebook after his death, where was written: “Noah Lyova Tevonyan, rank – major, head of intelligence, 2020”.

Many people admit that just participating in the war, passing through its turmoil, seeing all this with own eyes is already heroism. Many soldiers moved through heroic steps, trusting their commander: “The commander is the most reliable back of the soldier, the personal example of the officers was extremely important”.

“The soldier must base on his commander, in order to bravely fight against enemy, I must tell an extremely thing – on battlefield the soldier before loving his homeland first must love his commander… the Armenian soldier is a soldier of spirit, keep his spirit highly, and he will struggle against 100 men and not be broken” (Grigoryan, Baghdasaryan, 2018, 511). Davit [25]  was fair, honest, brave, he was a good officer true to his oath and a good leader for every soldier.  He was never guided by shoulder straps, but was guided by human qualities, his humanity was above everything, he was reserved and modest, but in his modesty the boundless love of the homeland was hidden… He knew what it was like to spend a night awake near the border, to stay hungry with a soldier, lighting with a soldier in the open air, fighting with rain and wind. He was a father, as well as a parent, brother, a good commander for his soldiers. When he was presented for the “Combat Cross” medal for his bravery, he said: “Thank you, Mr. General, I reject that bloody Combat Cross, because for me, the cross is every one of my soldiers standing behind me… I need them alive, I haven’t done any heroism, I only did my duty to my homeland, I never expected any heroic title or medal for being faithful to my holy oath…” However, parallel to these positive cases, we know also painful cases, when the commander was not “on his place”, when soldiers being surrounded didn’t trust him. Today we are the witnesses of many court processes, concerning the commanders’ behavior, when he left his soldiers in fire and escaped from the battlefield.

Marat[26], who was a commander of tank brigade, moved by Garegin Njdeh’s messages, he said, that being a Syuniq man is a honor, and he felt a duty for Njdeh. The soldiers respected and loved their commander, and called him “Uncle Marat”, and he also was proud of them. Before being killed, he asked his wife to take good care for his two sons – “two lions” ….

The creators of new history:  Harutiun[27] talked to his family members saying, that “they are creating new history”. His efforts were unfinished – he was on front line, was wounded on a battle field, without leaving the battlefield on a minute, his brigade was surrounded, but they moved out of it. Harutiun was killed saving lives. His commander confessed, that he is proud, having a soldier, like Harutiun. He became immortal, staying in pages of Armenian history.    For our opinion, the main hardness was on conscript soldiers, who had high combat spirit, we can call them nowadays “Sasna Tsrer” (heroes from Armenian epos – from translator). Artillery Hayk dreamed: “Is it possible, that new Armenian generation could be like Njdeh spoke”. Armenian soldier won the war. All of them were “creating the new history”, with great faith, thereby overcoming the evil of war. That generation gave us life scarifying themselves. A handful of country and countless fountains, and heart paining numbers “18”, “19”, “20” on all of them.

The war revalued perceptions of life, peace.

In the article, we emphasized the moral perception of the description of the war. This war made important, revalued the perceptions of life and peace. Also, primary importance was made to loving the motherland not in words, but in affairs. Machine-gunner Grigor[28] had repaired the house by his own hands, installing the guardian cross – the redefining of identity. During his military service he received many medals and honors. He made a broad and intimate circle and created a noble image of Armenian soldier.  He was guided by the slogan “fight in such a way as to facilitate the work of those who fight for the same goal after you.” He saved the lives of many of his combat soldiers, after twenty days of heavy battles, on October 15, like many of his fellow soldiers, he enlisted forever…

O, Armenian soldier, “our sacred motherland entirely feels your presence, the force of your arm will reach the insidious enemy”. Of course, the war destroys everything. “The war, especially when the enemy attack you, destroys everything. It destroys the world, and the man, that some else have passed through the war” (Tadevosyan, 2022, 9). Sometimes people confesses, that they have been changed, and the world have been changed, and everything is reevaluated.

Vardanov Vova, the founder of the military-patriotic non-governmental organization ASA (The Art of Staying Alive), notes: “Our army was old, but it was fighting good, we lost to the modern Turkish army.”[29]

Davit used to send a message to Armenian officers “Better to die, rather to live for dying…” “O, Armenian officer, write this my words on your sword, lets your combats up bring with these words, because only patriotic and honest upbringing can enforce you and your soldier to overcome the death”.

George’s wife, Frita Nerses Mkrtich writes: “There is one reality – you are not closed to us, so we are weak and powerless. Give us your power, the power, by which you went to battle field, for victory, for defense, for light and peace” [30]:  Time will pass, but we will not be agree with your manly decision to take the eternal path for a peaceful tomorrow. You gave your lives for… You remained faithful to your slogan: “My life for my motherland, my soul for God, my honor for me”.

Conclusion

During the study of the cases of those who died in the 44-day war, their stories, we came to the following generalization, accepting the approaches of our heroes to the war, their characterizations, incomplete, unfinished dreams, the following observations were made: a/ almost all of them had done their last call; b/ the character was associated with the motherland, Mother Armenia, c/ by sacrificing their lives, they saved other lives, d/ they tried to create a new history with their unyielding type, e/ perceptions of life and peace were revalued, f/ Motherland was given primary importance not by words, but by deeds to love…g/they created the image of a New, Noble soldier based on their own example.

USED LITERATURE

HMA (History Museum of Armenia), FNH (Fund of newest history), գ/գ 19824, բ/մ 6239-6240, գ/գ 19825, բ/մ6242, գ/գ 19826, բ/մ6249-6251, գ/գ 19827, բ/մ6252-6253, գ/գ 19828, բ/մ6254-6258

BALAYAN 2011 – Balayan V., History of Artsakh, from ancient times to nowadays, Yerevan, 2011

BALAYAN 2009 – Balayan V., Mountainous Artsakh, historical past and present times, Yerevan, 2009

TADEVOSYAN 2022 – Tadevosyan A., The war in participants’ narratives, anthropological survey, Yerevan, Eurasia Cooperation Foundation, 2022

GRIGORYAN, BAGHDASARYAN 2018 – Grigoryan A., Baghdasaryan B., With willingness to serve the motherland unfailingly, Yerevan, “Voskan Yerevantsi”, 2018

EDUCATION – “Education” weekly, ##48 – 49, Yerevan, 02.12.2020

PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY, newspaper, Yerevan, May 12, 2021

КИЗИРАНЦ 2022-Кизиранц Г.,  Небесный солдат, Ереван, 2022

PASHINYAN 2020 – Pashinyan N., The Prime-Minister of RA, National Assembly, September 27, 2020

[1] Since the early 20-s of the last century, due to the efforts of the Soviet Government, the mountainous part of Artsakh, without taking into consideration the will of its main population, the Armenians, was annexed to Soviet Azerbaijan by the illegal decision of the Caucasus Bureau of the Communist Party, on July 5, 1921.  After that, the Soviet Authorities of Azerbaijan began planned affairs to depopulate Artsakh. The population of Nagorno-Karabakh fought against the anti-Armenian policy of the Azerbaijan authorities for almost 70 years. Artsakh gave many innocent victims during the years of that long and brutal struggle for existence, but the wrinkle remained unsolvable.

[2] Pashinyan N., Prime-Minister of RA, National Assembly, September 27, 2020 https://ampop.am/speech-by-prime-minister-nikol-pashinyan-at-national-assembly-september-27/, մուտք՝10.06.2023

[3] Hakobyan Tatul, pathfinder, special forces, volunteer of April war, was killed in October 19, 2020 from a drone attack, HMA, FNH

[4] . Kirakosyan Gevorg, commander of fire support platoon in Madaghis, was sure, that the gate of the homeland is the border, was killed in Madaghis in Oct. 11, 2020, HMA, FNH

[5] . Gevorgyan Gevorg, shot down 15 tanks, 10 drones in Jrakan (Jabrajil), don’t leaving his fallen friend on battle field was killed in October 10, 2020 from a drone attack, HMA, FNH

[6] Mkrtchyan Aram, wrestler, fell in love with the military, he dreamed to continue the military, he liked Armenian history, was killed in Mardakert in Sept. 11, 2020, HMA, FNH

[7] . Garik from Kizirants-Horatagh division, commander of 3-rd platoon, was killed in Nov. 8, in Gishi. He has a war diary, from which some references are done: “Gar, before you were with some hours, now – every hour…” Diary is titled «Небесный солдат»

[8] Tigran Galstyan, sergeant, commander of mine thrower count, hit 3 tanks, was killed in Oct. 31, 2020, in Martuni-2, HMA, FNH

[9] Margaryan Alen, film director, student of media field, trainer of movie creation in Tumo, was admitted the Boston University, was killed in Madaghis in Sept. 30, 2020. Received the title “Hero of Arthakh”, HMA, FNH

[10]. Galstyan Vazgen, was admitted the faculty of physics of the Yerevan State University, future scientist, physician, was killed in Oct. 2, 2020.  An educational fund was opened in his name, all proceeds of which will serve science, HMA, FNH.

[11]. Hambartsumyan Rouben, commander of management platoon, was killed form aerial bomb explosion, HMA, FNH.

[12] Gabrielyan Hovhannes, took part in 4-th day war in 2016, was killed in Jrakan, in Oct. 18, 2020, HMA, FNH.

[13] Asatryan Vahe, he dreamed to become a doctor, was killed in Shushi, in Nov. 11, 2020, HMA, FNH

[14] . Galstyan Armen, served in Jrakan, was killed in Martuni-2 from an artillery heavy attack, in Nov. 2, 2020, while helping his combat friend. “Armen, missing has your name, joy too, and the pain also… ”HMA, FNH

[15] . Aghasaryan Yuri, has graduated the school after A. Chekhov. He shot down enemy’s KAMAZ with its artillery. When during the war they asked him in his thoughts “Do you think about your family”, he answered: “No, abut my combat friends”. He was killed in Martuni-2, in Oct. 27, 2020, HMA, FNH.

[16] Vasilyan Rafayel, major, chief of air defense, was killed in Martuni-2, in Nov. 9, 2020

[17] . Antonyan Samvel, served in Hadrut, position senior, his nickname was “Satan”, to this day his friends prepare coffee according to his recipe: jam, coffee, condensed milk, was killed in Oct. 9, 2020, HMA, FNH, # 6249.

[18] . Davit Davtyan, killed in Jrakan, in October 2020, he was considered missing with his 50 friends, the remains were found in Yerablur, HMA, FNH.

[19] Gasparyan Norik, sniper, shooter, was killed in Oct. 10, in Jrakan, HMA, FNH, # 6241

[20] Ohanjanyan Arman, volunteer, has graduated “Haybusak” University, in March 2020 his son was born. Arman was killed in Ishkhanadzor, in Oct. 21, 2020, from shooting of Azerbaijanis in Armenian uniform, HMA, FNH.

[21] Hachyan Gevorg, opera singer, tenor, solo concerts in more than 27 countries, has 5 albums, was killed in Oct. 6, in Varantagha, Mataghis, HMA, FNH.

[22] Avetisyan Gegham, was killed in Oct. 8, 2020, HMA, FNH

[23] IFV-1, infantry fighting vehicle

[24] Tevonyan Noah, pathfinder, nickname – “Razvetki Ponch”, he came to Armenia from Russia to serve his motherland, was killed in Mataghis, in Oct. 9, 2020, HMA, FNH

[25] Nazaryan Davit, he has served 18 years in military forces of RA.  նախընտրում էր լեռնային կյանքը, ոչ օֆիսայինը՝ «Ես առանց ինքնաթիռ օդաչու եմ», մեծ ներդրում է ունեցել բանակաշինության մեջ, 2018-ին ստացել է մայորի կոչում, զոհվել է Հադրութում 2020.18.10:,ՀՊԹ, ՆԳՊՖ

[26] Khachatryan Marat, reserve officer, lieutenant, participant of April war, commander of 30-man tank platoon, was killed from drone attack, in Oct. 5, HMA, FNH

[27] Nikolyan Harutiun, student of faculty of history in State Pedagogical University, was killed in Nov. 3, 2020, in Karmir Shuka, HMA, FNH, № 6252

[28] Դավթյան Գրիգոր,ՀՊԹ, Նորագույն պատմության ֆոնդ,/ՆԳՊՖ/

[29] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1k2kvWkgiZk .մուտք 11.12.2022

[30] Որդուս հկ/Vordus NGO/, Ֆրիտա Ներսես Մկրտիչ, https://www.facebook.com/vordusngo , հասանելի է 02.06.2023